Everything about Anovulation totally explained
In medicine,
anovulation is absence of
ovulation when it would be normally expected (in a post-
menarchal, premenopausal woman).
Causes
Anovulation can result from a variety of factors:
- Taking birth control pills
- Stress, new environment
- Chronic mental illness, such as depression
- Chronic physical illness, such as inflammatory bowel disease, poorly controlled diabetes, tuberculosis, or anemia
- Undernutrition, specific nutrient deficiencies, inadequate body fat
- Prolonged or continuous physical exertion
- Various pharmaceutical (especially phenothiazines) and recreational drugs
- Hormone imbalances, such as prolactin or testosterone excess (for example, polycystic ovary syndrome), hyper- or hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency or Cushing's syndrome.
- Pituitary or ovarian failure.
Some anovulatory women may have two or more contributing conditions.
Treatment
Anovulation can generally be reversed by ameliorating the causal factors (except in cases of permanent pituitary or ovarian failure).
Associated conditions
For most women, alteration of
menstrual periods is the principal indication of chronic anovulation. Ovulatory menstrual periods tend to be regular and predictable in terms of cycle length, duration and heaviness of bleeding, and other symptoms. Ovulatory periods are often accompanied by midcycle symptoms such as
mittelschmerz or premenstrual symptoms. In contrast, anovulation usually manifests itself as irregularity of menstrual periods, that is, unpredictable variability of intervals, duration, or bleeding. Anovulation can also cause cessation of periods (secondary amenorrhea) or excessive bleeding (
dysfunctional uterine bleeding).
Mittelschmerz and premenstrual symptoms tend to be absent or reduced when a woman is anovulatory.
Chronic anovulation is a common cause of
infertility.
In addition to the alteration of menstrual periods and infertility, chronic anovulation can cause or exacerbate other long term problems, such as
hyperandrogenism or
osteopenia. It plays a central role in the multiple imbalances and dysfunctions of
polycystic ovary syndrome.
During the first two years after menarche 50% of the menstrual cycles could be anovulatories.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Anovulation'.
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